Environment and Ecology accounts for 15-20 questions in UPSC Prelims every year. Wetlands and Ramsar sites are a favorite area for examiners. Here is the ultimate state-wise list of Ramsar sites and key ecological features.
1. What is a Ramsar Site?
A Ramsar site is a wetland designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (signed in Ramsar, Iran in 1971). India is a contracting party to the convention since 1982.
2. Montreux Record (Wetlands in Danger)
The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the List of Ramsar wetlands where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution, or human interference.
- Currently in Montreux Record from India:
- 1. Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan)
- 2. Loktak Lake (Manipur) – Famous for Phumdis and the endangered Sangai deer (Dancing Deer).
- Note: Chilika Lake (Odisha) was removed from the Montreux Record in 2002 following successful eco-restoration.
3. Key Ramsar Sites of Maharashtra (MPSC & UPSC)
| Wetland Name | District | Ecological Highlight |
|---|---|---|
| Nandur Madhameshwar | Nashik | First Ramsar site of Maharashtra; known as ‘Bharatpur of Maharashtra’. |
| Lonar Lake | Buldhana | Unique meteorite impact crater lake; hyper-saline and alkaline water. |
| Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary | Thane/Mumbai | Vital feeding ground for migratory Greater and Lesser Flamingos. |