SSC CGL English Mastery Guide
हिंदी माध्यम के छात्रों के लिए विशेष अध्ययन सामग्री
1. 10 Golden Rules of English Grammar
1. Subject-Verb Agreement: Singular subject takes singular verb, plural takes plural.
Ex: He goes (Singular), They go (Plural).
Ex: He goes (Singular), They go (Plural).
2. Collective Nouns: ‘Committee’, ‘jury’, ‘family’ take singular verbs if they act as one unit.
Ex: The jury is divided in their opinions (Use plural ‘are’ here because of ‘divided’).
Ex: The jury is divided in their opinions (Use plural ‘are’ here because of ‘divided’).
3. Either/Or, Neither/Nor: Verb agrees with the nearest subject.
Ex: Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
Ex: Neither the teacher nor the students were present.
4. Each/Every: Always followed by a singular verb.
Ex: Each of the students is hard-working.
Ex: Each of the students is hard-working.
5. Two singular subjects joined by ‘and’: Usually take plural verb.
Ex: Ram and Shyam are friends.
Ex: Ram and Shyam are friends.
6. Modal Verbs: Always followed by base form (V1).
Ex: He can run fast. (Not ‘runs’ or ‘running’).
Ex: He can run fast. (Not ‘runs’ or ‘running’).
7. Comparison: Use ‘to’ with ‘prefer’, ‘senior’, ‘junior’.
Ex: I prefer tea to coffee.
Ex: I prefer tea to coffee.
8. Relative Pronoun ‘Who/Which’: Verb agrees with the antecedent.
Ex: It is I who am to blame.
Ex: It is I who am to blame.
9. ‘Hardly/Scarcely’: Followed by ‘when’, never ‘then’.
Ex: Hardly had I reached when the train left.
Ex: Hardly had I reached when the train left.
10. ‘Lest’: Always followed by ‘should’ or V1.
Ex: Walk carefully lest you should fall.
Ex: Walk carefully lest you should fall.
2. High-Frequency Idioms & Phrases
| Idiom | Meaning | हिंदी अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| Apple of discord | Cause of quarrel | झगड़े की जड़ |
| Bolt from the blue | Unexpected event | आकस्मिक घटना |
| Bone of contention | Matter of dispute | विवाद का विषय |
| Call a spade a spade | To speak plainly | स्पष्टवादी होना |
| Cut a sorry figure | To feel ashamed | शर्मिंदा होना |
| Hard and fast | Strict rule | कठोर नियम |
| In cold blood | Deliberately | जानबूझकर |
| Lion’s share | Major part | बड़ा हिस्सा |
| Make both ends meet | Manage expenses | गुजारा करना |
| Once in a blue moon | Very rarely | कभी-कभार |
| Out of the blue | Suddenly | अचानक |
| Piece of cake | Very easy | बहुत आसान |
| Pull someone’s leg | To tease | मजाक उड़ाना |
| Red letter day | Important day | महत्वपूर्ण दिन |
| Turn a deaf ear | To ignore | अनसुना करना |
3. High-Frequency One-Word Substitution
| Word | Meaning | हिंदी अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| Amateur | One who does work for pleasure | शौकिया |
| Biography | Life story written by another | जीवनी |
| Cannibal | One who eats human flesh | नरभक्षी |
| Contemporary | Happening at same time | समकालीन |
| Egoist | One who thinks only of self | स्वार्थी |
| Fatalist | Believer in fate | भाग्यवादी |
| Gullible | Easily deceived | भोला-भाला |
| Herbivore | One who eats only plants | शाकाहारी |
| Infallible | One who never fails | अचूक |
| Invincible | Cannot be defeated | अजेय |
| Misanthrope | Hater of mankind | मानव-द्वेषी |
| Omniscient | Knows everything | सर्वज्ञ |
| Orphan | Child without parents | अनाथ |
| Philanthropist | Lover of mankind | परोपकारी |
| Theist | One who believes in God | आस्तिक |
यह अध्ययन नोट IAS EasyWay की दैनिक समसामयिकी पहल का एक हिस्सा है।